This is actually pretty interesting. From the article:
“USDA Agricultural Research Service plant physiologist Lewis Ziska, together with colleagues from Purdue University, Williams College and the Smithsonian compared the protein content of pollen from historic specimens of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) from the U.S. National Herbarium collection at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History with pollen from field trials simulating varying levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. They found that as CO2 levels increased, the protein content of the pollen decreased.
Goldenrod, which blooms from July through October across most of North America, is one of the most widely available sources of pollen for late-year foraging. Though nectar is bees’ main food source during the warmer months, bees need the fats, vitamins and minerals from pollen protein to make it through the winter. Because they only store small amounts of it, fluctuations in the amount or quality of the pollen itself can directly affect bee health.
“Goldenrod was the focus because it’s the last source of pollen for bees before they overwinter,” Ziska says. “Whatever happens to goldenrod in the fall can be a harbinger of overall bee health and their ability to survive until spring.”
How rising CO2 affects insects’ food sources has never been investigated in much depth, despite more than 100 such studies on human food sources suggesting the same kind of impact, Ziska said.