I think of pride as feeling good about yourself, feeling that you are worthy and good. An accomplishment is something of which you can be proud. However good the place where you live may be, though, if you're under 30 then your home probably doesn't owe any of its goodness to you. You haven't had time to do anything significant to make it as good as it is. So its merits aren't your accomplishment; they don't show anything good about you.
I guess that identity is a pretty fluid thing, though. If I feel proud of an accomplishment, if I feel that what I did says something good about me, then it might be that I'm applying some kind of syllogism to deduce from my deed that I must be a good guy. But perhaps that kind of deduction sort of works in both directions, action-and-reaction. If the deed says something about me, and I accept that, then I'm kind of incorporating the deed in my definition of what "me" even means. Whom am I? I'm the guy who did that.
Defining oneself in association with something like that probably works fine, psychologically, even if the something isn't a deed that one has done. If you identify yourself as part of a family or tribe, some of the qualities of that larger group somehow rub off on you.It was Pooh’s turn to feel glad because it was he who had first found the North Pole. When they got there, Tigger would see a notice which said, ‘Discovered by Pooh, Pooh found it,’ and Tigger would know the sort of Bear Pooh was. THAT sort of Bear.
I think this might be a bug in the human brain, because it doesn't make sense that we should get the same kind of feeling of pride from just being born into a particular group that we might get from having personally saved someone else's life. It doesn't make sense to feel shame or guilt by association, either. Like the way allergy pills make you sleepy because histamine is also a wake/sleep regulator, something in the brain just seems to be implemented in a kludgy way, here.
Anyway, I suspect that there are really two issues in whether or not people feel pride in their country. Do they think their country is good? And do they identify themselves with their country? You can divide the box into four squares: people who are proud of their country, people who admire their place of residence without feeling part of it, people who dislike their place of residence without feeling responsible for it, and people who are ashamed of their country. I wonder what surveys would show about how many young Americans are in these boxes these days.