Article II Section 1 Shall and Must

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MeDotOrg
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Article II Section 1 Shall and Must

Post by MeDotOrg »

Article. II.
Section. 1.
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.
The argument that the Vice President has the power to overturn (Trump's word) seems to lean hard on the word shall. The Constitution doesn't say 'must'. It says 'shall'. So the Vice-President has some wiggle room, yes?

Except the Constitution never says must. It only says shall.

So either everywhere in the Constitution where the word 'shall' appears is open to the interpretation of the current office holder, and Kamala Harris has the right to decide which slate of electors she shall count, or the word 'shall' is simply describing what the person is supposed to do.

I'll get to Trump's use of the word 'overturn' in another post.
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Re: Article II Section 1 Shall and Must

Post by Res Ipsa »

Wiggle room or not, what does the Constitution say that the Vice President "shall" do? Open the damn certificates! Period. It says that the votes "shall be counted," but doesn't even require that the VP does it!

The argument is moronic anyway. Legally, "shall" means "must."
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Re: Article II Section 1 Shall and Must

Post by K Graham »

In real estate law shall and must are pretty much synonymous. I use shall in all of our contracts.
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Re: Article II Section 1 Shall and Must

Post by Res Ipsa »

K Graham wrote:
Tue Feb 01, 2022 10:14 pm
In real estate law shall and must are pretty much synonymous. I use shall in all of our contracts.
Yep, that's the case throughout the law. The only exceptions I can think of occur when the context, including surrounding text, indicates discretion. But that's not common.
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