The Egyptian Test

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_cksalmon
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Post by _cksalmon »

beastie wrote:Computer: 800 dollars
Internet Connection: 50 dollars
Seeing LDS apologists engaging in any tactic possible to avoid addressing specific criticisms: priceless


Gee was careful to specify the Joseph Smith Papyri (JSP), rather than the resultant English text (Book of Abraham). With regard to evaluating the missing scroll hypothesis, however, I don't see that such a distinction matters a great deal.

Best.

CKS
_Who Knows
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Post by _Who Knows »

CalKid - would you mind giving us a rundown of the issue that started it all? The basics, as I understand it, is that Seyffarth saw the papyri (back in the 1800s), and translated a portion of the papyri (around fac. 3). Gee feels that Seyffarth translated it incorrectly and he feels that he has somehow reverse engineered Seyffarth's incorrect translation, to read something like "the beginning of the next book". And he thinks this provides evidence for a missing papyrus, since this was around or after fac. 3.

You don't agree with Gee's interpretation of Seyffarth's translation. Or, rather, it's impossible for us to know if it was right or wrong, since we don't have that section of the papyri anymore.

Can you fill in the holes?
WK: "Joseph Smith asserted that the Book of Mormon peoples were the original inhabitants of the americas"
Will Schryver: "No, he didn’t." 3/19/08
Still waiting for Will to back this up...
_CaliforniaKid
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Post by _CaliforniaKid »

Hi Will,

I'm glad to hear he's not planning on trying to sue me.

William Schryver wrote:I think he was just tired of being called a "liar" on issues of opinion. Gee has given sincere arguments for why he thinks Seyffarth's papers suggest a second text on the scroll of Hor.


I suspect him of duplicity not because of his arguments (though I think he's wrong), but because of the way he presents his conclusion in his Guide to the Joseph Smith Papyri.

Also, I was wondering if either you (Who Knows) or California Kid are planning on attending the FAIR conference?[/quote]

I wish I could, but I'm broke. That's the price you pay for buying lots of books and spending your time reading instead of working, I guess.

-CK
_CaliforniaKid
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Post by _CaliforniaKid »

Who Knows wrote:CalKid - would you mind giving us a rundown of the issue that started it all? The basics, as I understand it, is that Seyffarth saw the papyri (back in the 1800s), and translated a portion of the papyri (around fac. 3). Gee feels that Seyffarth translated it incorrectly and he feels that he has somehow reverse engineered Seyffarth's incorrect translation, to read something like "the beginning of the next book". And he thinks this provides evidence for a missing papyrus, since this was around or after fac. 3.

You don't agree with Gee's interpretation of Seyffarth's translation. Or, rather, it's impossible for us to know if it was right or wrong, since we don't have that section of the papyri anymore.

Can you fill in the holes?


Your summary is basically correct, as far as it goes. I'll give more information later; I'm off to my little brother's H.S. graduation at the moment.
_William Schryver
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Post by _William Schryver »

Who Knows:

I have it written in my notes that I just referred to. Hauglid said exactly what I said - 'the 2 ink theory is dead'.

Well, considering the fact that I have his presentation on video, I can tell you quite confidently that you're mistaken. You simply misunderstood what he was saying. He actually said "people believe the two ink theory is dead ..." and then went on to explain why it isn't. Anyway, it's not that big of a deal. But the only thing Gee has regretted is that the photos weren't the ones he wanted to use. He couldn't persuade the church archives, at the time, to release a full set of images of the KEP.

He and Hauglid (and also Royal Skousen, I believe) still maintain that (at least on Ms. #2) many or most of the Egyptian characters were written at a later time than the English text. I think they could be right, but I'm not sure there is any way to prove it. It's like Gee told me the other day, even if the ink were to be chemically analyzed, there's no way to distinguish from ink used to write English text during one week in 1835 and ink used to write Egyptian characters a couple weeks later. It's really the province of the textual critic rather than the document analyst. And I'm not sure it would really represent a big gain for the apologetic arguments either way. I mean, it still looks like someone (if not Joseph Smith, then the scribes) believed that the BoB text was the origin of the Book of Abraham "translation." So you're still left with having to explain why they thought that, even if the characters were written at a later date. And, of course, even if you were able to disassociate Joseph Smith from the KEP manuscripts, you still have the fact that he indisputably provided translations for the facsimiles -- translations that don't jibe with current Egyptological knowledge.

Anyway, I'm interested in interviewing people (for the documentary I'm working on) who feel like this whole Book of Abraham issue is a big reason for which they lost faith in the Church -- that's why I asked if you were going to the FAIR conference. I really want to get the impressions of people like you for whom this has apparently been a major factor in their losing faith in Joseph Smith, etc. If you or anyone else is interested, they can PM me. I will be in the SLC area the first week in August, and could also make arrangements to interview people at some other time. I'd like to finish up my interviews by the end of the year so I can finally start editing the thing.
... every man walketh in his own way, and after the image of his own god, whose image is in the likeness of the world, and whose substance is that of an idol ...
_dartagnan
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Post by _dartagnan »

The “two ink theory” first proposed by John Gee, the primary KEP apologetic that held fence-straddler’s at bay for so many years, is in fact dead.

He actually said "people believe the two ink theory is dead ..." and then went on to explain why it isn't.


You don’t really expect him to dog Gee like that in front of his fans now do you? When he admitted it was wrong on the FAIR forum a year ago it was like pulling teeth to get him to just come out and say it. But he did.

Anyway, it's not that big of a deal.


For those who care nothing about integrity, I suppose.

But the only thing Gee has regretted is that the photos weren't the ones he wanted to use.


Wow. He doesn’t regret misleading the entire BoA-interested world with sloppy scholarship? Remember, Juliann assured us for years that Brent’s photos and his analysis should be dispensed with since John Gee is an “expert” who was trained in examining documents and that he had personally “handled” the source documents. And now we’re to understand that Gee only dealt with bad photos?

What the heck is Gee doing writing about the KEP while relying on “bad photos”? At the bare minimum he is guilty of sloppy scholarship. He is guilty of the very thing the FAIRites, including you, criticizes every critic for.

What I think happened is that the goof proved to be so embarrassing he had to choose between one of two ways to fall. He could fall as a guy who was trying to deceive us or he could fall as a guy who sucks at his job as a scholar. If he said he analyzed the documents first-hand - as we were ALL led to believe for so many years - then there is really no way he could have avoided being a trickster. I mean just a glance at Brent’s photos proved his two ink argument was bunk, so a first hand analysis of the documents would have done the same. But he was counting on the fact that nobody else in the world had access to color copies, so he was safe in his “argument.” However, if he said he never really saw the documents, and instead relied on some mystery “photos” that someone in the Church sent him, then we could look elsewhere to blame. That’s what’s happening now. Gee is sitting there with a “who me?” look on his face, while expecting us all to believe the Church is at fault. But you can’t really blame the Church since that is worse than blaming the apologists.

There really wasn’t much else he could do, but he clearly went with the latter route, and he has relied on his apologists to downplay the significance of his errors as though he were merely “revising” his views. Any way you slice it, Gee’s little book is going to be the bane of his career as an apologist.

And where did these photos come from if he didn’t take them himself? And why do the photos in his book have different hue? To conceal the color contrasts between the ink and the paper? That was my first impression. And it isn’t as if there were hundreds of possible examples and he just chose three or four at random. The choice was very limited and he was clearly very methodical in choosing photos he thought he could use to his advantage, like the ridiculous “over run” which he tried to wiggle away from later.

John Gee must be held accountable, but all we see is a bunch of back-pedaling by him, along with excused offered by his subservient followers. Now we are supposed to believe that John Gee was also a victim to bad scholarship; even his own!

He couldn't persuade the church archives, at the time, to release a full set of images of the KEP.


But he could have examined them if he wanted to – as we were assured was the case by his apologists - and this would have precluded his ridiculous two ink fabrication that Brent demolished.

He and Hauglid (and also Royal Skousen, I believe) still maintain that (at least on Ms. #2) many or most of the Egyptian characters were written at a later time than the English text.


Ah, the old bait and switch. You’re clearly hoping we will assume that the “two ink” argument that is actually valid is the same one Gee argued for. Brent and the critics have never denied there were two inks involved in making the KEP. They denied Gee’s contention: that the Egyptian characters were all written in “ink A” while the English text was all written in “ink B.” That was the entire point of Gee’s argument. He sat around and tried to figure out a way to make critical thinkers hold out hope for some “plausible” explanation. Well naturally if the Egyptian characters were written in a different ink than this could make it seem possible that the papers were not translation papers since the characters were written in afterwards.

Posted by Jan, Aug 5 2006, 08:18 AM

Brian passed on a message from Dr. Gee in response to criticism of Gee about the "two ink" theory. I won't try to paraphrase since Brian is posting on this thread.

After Brian initially relayed this message, he then asked if scholars were not allowed to make mistakes as Gee did. I'd like to add the comment that Gee's "mistake" wasn't necessarily a "mistake' in the sense of bad scholarship. Gee proposed a theory based on the materials he had available at the time - poor quality photographs relative to examining the originals or digitized photographs of the originals. Once seeing the materials that Brian had available to him, Gee revised his opinion --- that is not a "mistake" in the common sense of the word --- it is scholarship. Scholars are noted for continually revising hypotheses and theories as new information becomes available. Please, let the haranguing of Gee on this point be laid to rest.


Gee revised his opinion only after Brent provided the world evidence that he was sloppy as a scholar. He had no choice really but to “revise” it. But his apologists are reluctant to even say he was wrong, even though they might reject the original argument.

In that same thread I asked Brian to stop beating about the bush and just answer the question unambiguously: “John Gee argued that the Egyptian characters and the English text was written in different inks in all of the manuscripts. Do you concur with?”

Brian responded: “No. And John does not believe this.” He should have said “John doesn’t believe this anymore,” but I guess he was trying to give people a reason to wonder if Gee ever believed this. In any case, Brian made it clear almost a year ago that he does not accept the original two ink theory as proposed by Gee. His argument now is confined to one manuscript I think, and deals mostly with punctuation marks, which really doesn’t do damage to the transcription theory, despite all the hyperbolic claims by you guys; especially since that same manuscript contains too many other anomalies that can only be reasonably explained in a transcription context.

… even if the ink were to be chemically analyzed, there's no way to distinguish from ink used to write English text during one week in 1835 and ink used to write Egyptian characters a couple weeks later. It's really the province of the textual critic rather than the document analyst. And I'm not sure it would really represent a big gain for the apologetic arguments either way.


Then what did you claim was “overwhelmingly evident” a year ago? Do you even remember? And for something that doesn’t help the apologists that much, they sure to have a tendency to get awfully excited about it.

I mean, it still looks like someone (if not Joseph Smith, then the scribes) believed that the BoB text was the origin of the Book of Abraham "translation." So you're still left with having to explain why they thought that, even if the characters were written at a later date. And, of course, even if you were able to disassociate Joseph Smith from the KEP manuscripts, you still have the fact that he indisputably provided translations for the facsimiles -- translations that don't jibe with current Egyptological knowledge.


I can’t believe you typed any of this. It sounds like too much compromise on your part. What happened to the Will we know?
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_CaliforniaKid
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Post by _CaliforniaKid »

Who Knows wrote:CalKid - would you mind giving us a rundown of the issue that started it all? The basics, as I understand it, is that Seyffarth saw the papyri (back in the 1800s), and translated a portion of the papyri (around fac. 3). Gee feels that Seyffarth translated it incorrectly and he feels that he has somehow reverse engineered Seyffarth's incorrect translation, to read something like "the beginning of the next book". And he thinks this provides evidence for a missing papyrus, since this was around or after fac. 3.

You don't agree with Gee's interpretation of Seyffarth's translation. Or, rather, it's impossible for us to know if it was right or wrong, since we don't have that section of the papyri anymore.

Can you fill in the holes?


Hi Who Knows,

You will recall that the missing papyrus theory holds that the papyrus with the Book of Abraham on it was burned up in the Great Chicago Fire. You may also be aware that before the JSP were transferred to Chicago, they were housed in the St. Louis Museum (which had acquired them in 1856). While they were in St. Louis, Gustavus Seyffarth surveyed them. His comments on them found their way into a museum catalog and a newspaper article.

The catalog:

“These mummies were obtained in the catacombs of Egypt, sixty feet below the surface of the earth, for the Antiquarian Society of Paris, forwarded to New York, and there purchased, in the year 1835, by Joe Smith, the Mormon Prophet, on account of the writings found in the chest of one of them, and which he pretended to translate, as stating them to belong to the family of the Pharoahs’ – but, according to Prof. Seyffarth, the papyrus roll is not a record, but an invocation to the Deity Osirus, in which occurs the name of the person, (Horus,) and a picture of the attendant spirits, introducing the dead to the Judge, Osirus [sic]. The body of one is that of a female, about forty – the other, that of a boy, about fourteen. They were kept by the Prophet’s mother until her death, when the heirs sold them, and shortly after, were purchased for the Museum.”


The article:

It is said that these mummies were obtained in the catacombs of Egypt sixty feet below the surface of the earth, for the Antiquarian Society of Paris, and forwarded to New York, and there purchased by Joseph Smith, the Mormon prophet, in 1835; and that he used them in practicing his deceptions upon the people, pretending to translate the writings or hieroglyphics found in the chest of one of them, stating that they belonged to the family of Pharaoh. I suppose this great impostor, among other things equally glaring, confirmed his prophetic authority by alleging this papyrus roll to contain a commission to him from Pharaoh. By this, or some other mysterious power, he evidently holds in strange captivity many deluded people who groan to be delivered from bondage. Prof. Seyffarth says this writing contains an invocation to the Deity Osirus, in which occurs the name of the person, which is Horus.

St. Louis Christian Advocate - Sep 10, 1857


The extant Book of Breathings is missing about two columns of text, plus facsimile 3. The extant Book of Breathings also repeatedly mentions Osiris and Hor (a.k.a. Horus), the deceased man. So the implications of Seyffarth's statement are obvious: the roll in the St. Louis Museum contained only the latter part of the Book of Breathings, including Facsimile 3. It did not contain an additional record of Abraham.

Gee has an obvious interest in avoiding these implications. He engages in a reverse-engineering of Seyffarth's statement, focusing on the word "invocation". Gee has read the following article by Seyffarth, in which Seyffarth translates "the beginning of the book of" (in another Book of Breathings) as "the book of hymns". This leads him to think that the BoB he was studying at the time was a book of hymns to Osiris.

Seyffarth article

According to Gee's reasoning, Seyffarth would only have identified the JSP fragment as an "invocation" if it had the phrase "beginning of the book of" on it. He therefore concludes that the now-lost JSP fragment in the St. Louis Museum contained this phrase. And, implicitly, the "book" this phrase was referring to was the Book of Abraham.

This rests on at least two major assumptions:
1) Seyffarth only used the word "invocation" to refer to hymns, and would not have used it of other kinds of texts.
2) Seyffarth would not have identified the JSP fragment as a book of hymns unless it contained the phrase "beginning of the book of".

I believe both these assumptions are in error. "Invocation" has a broad meaning that is not limited to hymns. In fact, I'm not sure I've ever seen it used to describe a hymn. And we also know that in the case of the other Book of Breathings Seyffarth noticed the repetition of the names of Osiris and the deceased. If he saw the same pattern in the JSP fragment, it would be only natural for him to conclude it was a similar kind of text.

According to Ritner, Books of Breathings often have as their bookends vignettes like facsimile 1 and facsimile 3. So we would not expect an additional record to appear between the BoB text and facsimile 3. Seyffarth's observations confirm our expectation. Seyffarth's comments also seem to imply that facsimile 3 was the end of the roll, and there was no additional record after it.

Gee is trying to overturn the obvious conclusion by means of a highly speculation extrapolation and reinterpretation of Seyffarth's statements. Presumably this is a faith-based endeavor, which removes it from the realm of critical scholarship. That's fine, if Gee acknowledges that that's what he's doing. But he does not. In fact, he went on to state almost casually in his Guide to the Joseph Smith Papyri that there was another text after the BoB on the JSP roll, but that only the phrase "the beginning of the book of" has been preserved. The statement seems to indicate that this phrase has actually been "preserved" on an extant fragment. But of course it has not. It has only been "preserved" in the sense that Gee can extrapolate it from Seyffarth's comments. This is where I suspected Gee of duplicity; his statement seems designed to lead people to believe there is more evidence for the missing papyrus theory than really exists.

Hopefully that clarifies the issue.

-CK
Last edited by Guest on Thu Jun 07, 2007 7:32 am, edited 1 time in total.
_moksha
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Post by _moksha »

Since I do not understand this issue at all, I feel free to comment and ask questions. Are there not other extant Breathing Permits from which one could extrapolate any missing data? For instance, if one part of the mummification process and ceremony was missing from our scrolls, couldn't we just pick up the missing pieces from another? Did procedures change that radically from Pharaoh to Pharaoh?
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_CaliforniaKid
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Post by _CaliforniaKid »

Hi Moksha,

Both Baer and Rhodes have done precisely that: taken a BoB from the Louvre and used it to fill in the missing columns. However, Gee's argument is not that the missing part of the BoB was the Book of Abraham. His argument is that the Book of Abraham followed the BoB on the roll. In other words, there were two texts written on the roll, and the Book of Abraham was the second one. Hopefully that helps.

-CK
_CaliforniaKid
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Post by _CaliforniaKid »

My dear Chaos,

Since you seem to be reading this board, let's be clear about a few things:

1) Accusing me of "continuing the slander on other boards" is at least as slanderous as anything I ever said about John Gee.
2) It's none of your business what I post on "other boards," anyway.
3) If you aren't juliann, then you're her soulmate. You two should get married.

That is all.

-CK
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