Divine Council Dart/Enuma thread

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_Enuma Elish
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Divine Council Dart/Enuma thread

Post by _Enuma Elish »

I’m going to make a brief appearance on this thread because I believe that I can offer something that could assist some of the participants on this site.

In my opinion, part of the fun of on-line Mormon discussions is that they provide an opportunity for both critic and believer to engage in thoughtful discussion. I have stated on more than one occasion at the MA&D board that I would hate to see it’s most thoughtful critics driven away.

I have even stated that if I had a vote that I would vote against Kevin's ban from the MA&D board.

Since we’re dealing with a topic that carries strong emotional reactions for both the active and at-one-time believer, these interactions can become a bit heated. I believe that both sides would do well to remember this point. Nevertheless, I believe that healthy on-line discussions can and do take place between the two groups.

Dr. Shades:

After that last post of his, any bets on how long it'll be before the MAaDites accuse him of being a Kevin Graham sock-puppet?


Surely you know that Kevin and Trashman are one and the same. Which, in all honesty, makes this whole affair all the more intriguing. Consider Kevin’s comments about himself:

David, I do not think it is fair to make this comparison. First of all Kevin seems to have particular background knowledge in the field of biblical scholarship that far surpasses Metcalfe and Vogel.


Despite his hubris, Kevin is no more qualified to critique biblical scholarship than Brent or Dan. Kevin is not a Biblicist. He has had very little exposure to biblical scholarship and does not have the necessarily linguistic and/or critical skills to engage in a serious interaction with the field.

Does this mean that Kevin’s opinions are without value? Of course not. But it does mean that despite his self-portrayal, Kevin is in no way more qualified than Dan Vogel and/or Brent Metcalfe to critique issues that combine Mormonism with biblical scholarship.

In fact, until the article was put on hold, Brent Metcalfe and David P. Wright were co-authoring an important article critiquing the identification of chiasmus in biblical and Book of Mormon studies. I have interacted personally with Brent and I can assure you that he is intellectually extremely gifted and is every bit as qualified as Kevin, if not much more so.

They tend to focus on Mormon history which has very little to do with your apologetics. Most of your apologetic claims relate to biblical scholarship, so naturally Kevin is more likely to take exception with anything you say. Also, I do not recall Vogel or Metcalfe starting any threads that critique any of your positions. I don’t even recall them disagreeing wit you in any particular discussion.


This is simply not true.

My apologetics almost always involve Mormon history, at least at some level. Moreover, both Vogel and Metcalfe have offered many, many critiques of my views. Prior to abandoning all message board interaction, Brent offered direct criticisms of my observations, from the biblical/Book of Mormon use of the three-four pattern, to the way I called Robert Ritner to task for his public attack on LDS scripture.

Though I disagreed with Brent’s views, his comments were extremely helpful in refining my own ideas and Brent and I remain friends. The same is true of Dan Vogel.

Dan has participated in almost every thread I have posted on at FAIR/MA&D which draws connections between the Book of Mormon and the ancient Near East. Dan has even attempted in that sphere to counter comments I have made regarding the divine council and the premortal human spirit in the Hebrew Bible.

Over the years, Dan and I have debated back and forth for several pages of posts on the topic of Joseph Smith Sr.’s alleged universalism. While Dan and I still disagree, our discussions have actually resulted in an on-line friendship that has now only been strengthened by visiting in person.

I have really enjoyed my interactions with Dan and am grateful that the message boards have given me a new friend, even if he is a critic of both Mormonism and my views.

Despite Kevin’s assertions that he is the only one who has challenged me concerning my apologetic efforts, even the Dude (who has surfaced on this very thread) has participated in many of the FAIR/MA&D discussions in which I have posted my thoughts and, once again, and in all honestly, the Dude’s criticisms have on occasion changed the way I view certain issues.

Despite our disagreements, I’m quite fond of the Dude and have appreciated his criticisms that have either changed the way I look at a topic or have helped refined my arguments.

Maybe Kevin was right when he said he is the only one who has taken you to task on some of your apologetic issues?


Well, I suppose it’s a matter of perspective. I don’t believe that anyone has ever “taken me to task” on my apologetic issues. And... I’m just going to be honest here, Kevin has never presented near the challenge to my thoughts as any of the above mentioned individuals, a point that illustrates that simply because someone challenges your way of thinking, even in a religiously driven context, doesn’t mean that that individual will become an enemy.

No, I don’t believe that I have ever been taken to task, certainly not by Mr. Graham.

Have I refined and sometimes even altered my thinking as a direct result of interacting with critics, absolutely, but taken to task?

Again, no doubt others will disagree, but that’s simply the nature of these things.

What I have hoped to illustrate through these examples is that notwithstanding differences in perspectives, interactions between critic and believer need not result in some sort of personal grudge match. And even though the debate need not take this angle, at least over here on the MD board, such attacks seem to be the standard rule of engagement.

Until this changes, I suppose the apologists at MA&D and the critics at MD will have to simply talk among themselves or discuss each other’s views on separate boards.

In the meantime, I’ve lost interest, which of course will not surprise those who have paid any attention to my posting habits as of late. These days it takes a personal attack by Kevin in a series of divine council threads to even draw me back into the fray.

No worries, given our current state, it won’t last long.
_Chap
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Post by _Chap »

Enuma Elish:

I have even stated that if I had a vote that I would vote against Kevin's ban from the MA&D board.


You mean you asked the moderators on MAD to allow Kevin Graham to continue posting there so you could argue with him? Just clarifying ...

You have presumably come back with some purpose apart from posting generalities. If you are interested in substantive discussion, how about doing this:

1. State briefly your position on the question Kevin Graham seems to be complaining about - the origin and nature of Joseph Smith's ideas on the alleged 'divine council' (please forgive and correct me if I am wrong).

2. Again briefly, indicate as fairly as you can the nature of his argument against your position.

3. Indicate what you believe to be the flaws in that argument.

Clearly you will not be addressing an audience of Biblical scholars, or specialists in semitic studies. But since you frequently post on MAD about your views on related questions, and since that board is hardly a specialist seminar either, I don't see what objection you could have to getting down the the nitty gritty on this board.

So let's cut to the chase, OK?
_dartagnan
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Post by _dartagnan »

Trashman and I are one in the same? Oh, now that is just too rich.

Apparently, according to Bokovoy's theory, last November I signed up at MAD as trashman and posted 560 posts over the course of 11 months, all underneath Juliann’s radar of course. In June of this year I also signed up here as trashman and posted 10 times just to throw everyone off. This was, of course, all just a covert plot to sneak in a quick criticism for Bokovoy when the time was right.

Gotcha!

You have to remember that David is the guy who also accused me of lying about a Ritner email, until I proved him wrong. Instead of apologizing he fled the forum and started attacking me at MAD. What we are listening to now is just another tune of the same song. He didn’t come here to address my points. He came here so he could try to deceive you as he has deceived his MAD audience. His philosophy is, if you can’t beat em, then make sure nobody else likes him.

Having said that, for those who truly think David is on to something, maybe we can get trashman to join us in the chat room later tonight. I’ll sign on from my usual location and Shades can verify the different locations. We’re on two different continents. Dr. Shades can also trace his IP to make sure we have consistently posted from different IPs since June.

Trashman is a different person and always has been. Last week he contacted me out of the blue about the divine council issue; it was his idea to post my email at MAD, not mine. I gave him permission and warned him he would get banned but he didn't seem to care.

And now here we are again with another attack from Bokovoy, who pretends he is actually responding to any of my points.

David, I do have to thank you for one thing. The best thing about your appearance here is that you provide me with the best signature line of all time:

"I don’t believe that I have ever been taken to task, certainly not by Mr. Graham" - David Bokovoy

You don't even realize what the idiomatic expression means. It simply means to criticize. It doesn’t mean refute, interrogate or to sexual molest. I’m an English professor, so I assure you I am correct. But since you don’t believe I tell the truth in anything, try this. From the online websource: http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/take+to+task )

to criticize someone. example: “We have gotten many letters that take us to task for including swear words in the dictionary.”

Do you have any earthly idea how ridiculous you sound when you say I don’t believe I have ever been criticized by Kevin Graham?

Now I have no doubt you thought this meant something else, but this should say more about your ignorance than anything else. You probably thought it meant something along the lines of refute. And in this case, it would say more about your arrogance, which again, only furthers what I have always said about your insatiable ego. You think you are so far above reproach- you never admit being in error in anything you say. You don’t think it is even possible that we little people could correct you on anything, even though I have an entire archive saved consisting of corrections I provided you without any recognition on your part that a correction ever happened.

With your shortcomings in the language in which we use to communicate with each other, how can you blame me for any problems in miscommunication?

I have even stated that if I had a vote that I would vote against Kevin's ban from the MA&D board.


This is like one member of the KKK saying he would vote to have blacks admitted to the organization. You know it is a dubious claim, but it doesn’t hurt to pretend you would really like to see me there. I mean let’s think of the logic here. You don’t post here because you don’t like discussing issues with me, but you want me to post at MAD so you can discuss issues with me?

Kevin is no more qualified to critique biblical scholarship than Brent or Dan. Kevin is not a Biblicist. He has had very little exposure to biblical scholarship


Not sure what this has to do with anything since we are not debating biblical scholarship. But I would like to know by what standard you consider my exposure “little”? Why don’t you just admit you don’t know how much exposure I have had. This comment is just more resentment for my rebuttal on your silly argument about tselem two years ago. You didn’t even know about the Psalms verse which rendered your initial assertion null and void. Like many zealous apologists, you don’t make sure you have all your ducks in a row. You get excited about an apologetic theory and you throw it out on the table with all its glory. But when it turns out to be less than stellar, you refuse to hear criticism and instead throw up your resume to intimidate anyone who sees error. If a fellow apologist criticizes, then he must have a spiritual malfunction. Keep in mind that you and I first locked heads when I was still an apologist.

Últimately, you end up convincing so many in your audience because they have had "little exposure" and quite simply, don’t understand what the hell you’re talking about. They just trust your impressive resume should say something about your objectivity, integrity and critical thinking skills. I understood your argument and I did enough research on this topic, probably more than you had done, and I knew for a fact it was not the scholarly consensus. I said as much, which pissed you off because you like to woo your audience as an unimpeachable authority. You can't have little folk like me offering correctives now can you?

As far as my “exposure” goes, well, since you brought it up, might as well speak on it. Before moving to Brazil I cancelled subscriptions to 4 different academic journals, which I had been subscribed to for many years. I used to frequent the Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando every week where I’d sit and absorb as much from its library as I could. In the past I had purchased quite a bit of literature on the topic, including the exhaustive DVD from BAR. But I guess to you this means I have “little” exposure.

As far as I know, Ben McGuire is among two apologists who I know has read more than I have. If there are others, I have never met them. The rest of the lot appears to skim through scholarship until a Mormon theme pops out at them, and that is usually the extent of their interest. When you go in with apologetics in mind, you miss out on so much more, especially the rest which undermines your agenda. Your problem with me is that I am able to understand the scholarship and discern the difference between scholarship and apologetic riff raff. I can filter it out and pin-point it, which is what I tend to see and do in your work. Having said that, I agree with probably 99% of everything you have said on the forums. Its that 1% which you simply cannot accept as erroneous. Also, 99% of what you say in your Divine Council apologetic is also true, but your conclusion falls into that 1% that doesn’t logically follow.

[Kevin] does not have the necessarily linguistic and/or critical skills to engage in a serious interaction with the field.


Actually, my critical skills far surpass anything you have yet to display as an apologist or a scholar – not that this is really saying much - but I grant you the linguistic factor. Why wouldn’t I? It is irrelevant. After all, you have to admit we have never debated something based on a Hebrew translation, now have we? If I argue on that point I make sure I have my ducks in a row and am arguing from consensus or on a moot point.

So your expertise in Hebrew is meaningless now, as it has usually been. I don’t need to know Hebrew in order to critically recognize apologetics. For example, your claims that Joseph Smith couldn’t have borrowed from the Bible on these themes because his Mom said he didn’t read it much. You relied on a citation that dated many years beforehand, when he was just a kid. That citation didn’t apply to the Joseph Smith who had received angelic visitations.

Does this mean that Kevin’s opinions are without value?


According to what you said at MAD, it should. That was your whole point of posting there. You brought up a few “misreading” examples, which, ironically enough only proved you didn’t properly understand what was said. You then signed off with a comment assuring everyone that I was not worth listening to because I made errors. Now you want to say my opinions are valuable? Will the real Bokovoy please stand up?

Kevin is in no way more qualified than Dan Vogel and/or Brent Metcalfe to critique issues that combine Mormonism with biblical scholarship.


I never said I was. It should be noted that you are the one who brought up Vogel and Metcalfe, not I.

I have interacted personally with Brent and I can assure you that he is intellectually extremely gifted and is every bit as qualified as Kevin, if not much more so.


I don’t think anyone, trashman included, has ever suggested I was more “intellectually gifted” than Metcalfe. Now this is a bonafide example of a “misreading” of what was said. You brought up Vogel and Metcalfe and you did so to prove not all your critics get the same condescending treatment you dish my way. Your intent was clearly to marginalize me and to say, “See, I get along with the rest of my critics but Kevin is different.” But what you don’t explain is the obvious. That the difference lies in the fact that only I criticize you consistently on the forum you call home. If you think Vogel and Metcalfe criticize you at MAD, then please, by all means, give us some examples.

My apologetics almost always involve Mormon history, at least at some level.


True. And it doesn’t take a historian to refute many of your lame arguments. The argument that Joseph Smith didn’t know the Bible well enough to borrow from it is just too asinine an argument to take serious. Only apologists make this claim.

Moreover, both Vogel and Metcalfe have offered many, many critiques of my views.


Where? When? Concerning the Divine Council? They disagree, yet haven’t criticized you about it. Maybe they are not bothering with this topic because someone already has?

Prior to abandoning all message board interaction, Brent offered direct criticisms of my observations, from the biblical/Book of Mormon use of the three-four pattern, to the way I called Robert Ritner to task for his public attack on LDS scripture.


There is a difference in criticizing someone privately via email and making it a public spectacle. You take exception to the latter, which explains why you and I do not get along. You do not know how to handle criticism when an audience is involved. Brian Hauglid is the same way.

Well, I suppose it’s a matter of perspective. I don’t believe that anyone has ever “taken me to task” on my apologetic issues.


That is because you don’t know what the idiom means. Now is that our fault too? There is nothing wrong with the way trashman applied it. The problem comes in your “misreadings.”

Anyway, now that you have done what you do best and focused attention on me instead of my arguments, maybe you’d like to deal with the latter. On the divine council thread I have at least a half-dozen posts which consist of at least a dozen points you have yet to address.

But you never intended to get around to those now did you?
Last edited by Guest on Sat Oct 20, 2007 7:43 pm, edited 5 times in total.
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_Chap
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Post by _Chap »

Chap wrote:Enuma Elish:

I have even stated that if I had a vote that I would vote against Kevin's ban from the MA&D board.


You mean you asked the moderators on MAD to allow Kevin Graham to continue posting there so you could argue with him? Just clarifying ...

You have presumably come back with some purpose apart from posting generalities. If you are interested in substantive discussion, how about doing this:

1. State briefly your position on the question Kevin Graham seems to be complaining about - the origin and nature of Joseph Smith's ideas on the alleged 'divine council' (please forgive and correct me if I am wrong).

2. Again briefly, indicate as fairly as you can the nature of his argument against your position.

3. Indicate what you believe to be the flaws in that argument.

Clearly you will not be addressing an audience of Biblical scholars, or specialists in semitic studies. But since you frequently post on MAD about your views on related questions, and since that board is hardly a specialist seminar either, I don't see what objection you could have to getting down the the nitty gritty on this board.

So let's cut to the chase, OK?


May I suggest that you should try responding to this request from an innocent bystander rather than entering directly into a "you said/I said" exchange with Kevin? That way the rest of us might get a clearer idea of what is going on ...

Of course both of you may post as you wish. This is only a suggestion. Perhaps Kevin might like to try his version of an answer too?
_Enuma Elish
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Post by _Enuma Elish »

Hello Chap,

I’m sorry, I realize that I did unintentionally ignore your post.

You asked the question:

You mean you asked the moderators on MAD to allow Kevin Graham to continue posting there so you could argue with him? Just clarifying ...


No. That’s not what I meant. I’ve never had any behind the scenes conversations with any of the moderators on MA&D or its predecessor. In one of my initial posts here on MD, I let Kevin know that if his banning were ever put to a vote that I would not support a move for his removal and apologized to him publicly for any part that I might have unintentionally played in fostering the atmosphere that led to his banning.

That way the rest of us might get a clearer idea of what is going on ...


Sadly, I think we all simply need to recognize that the type of productive exchange that you envision is never going to occur on this or any other forum. I’m not going to put all of the blame upon Mr. Graham, but still, I agree with one MD poster’s assessment of Kevin’s posts when he referred to them in a recent private message as a mere “pissing match.”

If you’re interested in my views on this topic I would recommend reading my blog at MA&D and the most recent FARMS Review exchange with Michael Heiser available at the FARMS website.

Best wishes,

--DB
_Chap
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Post by _Chap »

Enuma Elish wrote:Hello Chap,

I’m sorry, I realize that I did unintentionally ignore your post.

You asked the question:

You mean you asked the moderators on MAD to allow Kevin Graham to continue posting there so you could argue with him? Just clarifying ...


No. That’s not what I meant. I’ve never had any behind the scenes conversations with any of the moderators on MA&D or its predecessor.


No. That's not what I meant. I was asking whether you had considered simply putting a post on MAD saying something like "Mods. Please let Kevin Graham post here for a while so I can show how wrong-headed his views are. Of course this will be conditional on him not using bad language, or insulting the prophets. For myself, I gladly waive the privilege of protection to non-anonymous LDS scholars usually given on this board."

If you’re interested in my views on this topic I would recommend reading my blog at MA&D and the most recent FARMS Review exchange with Michael Heiser available at the FARMS website.

Best wishes,

--DB


I think I already know a fair bit about your views. I was interested in seeing whether I could persuade you, at least, to define succinctly what you see as the issues dividing you and Kevin Graham. From reading what he says, and (as they say) "avoiding terms", he does seem to have some substantive issues with you. You on the other hand seem to agree with those who think that there is nothing between you but a mere 'pissing match'. In that case I am puzzled why you should:

(a) Have continued to criticise KG on MAD.

(b) Have come here to post.

What on earth is the point?
_dartagnan
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Post by _dartagnan »

I agree with David that the divine council is biblical.
I agree with David that the divine council had been taught by Joseph Smith.

I disagree with David’s effort to exaggerate the significance of the similarities. For me the differences are equally telling.
a-The biblical concept accepted by scholars is that the council consisted of divine elohim who were deities, sometimes recognized as angels.
b-According to Joseph Smith’s concept, the council was attended by premortal humans like Abraham and Adam.

I disagree that this doctrine presents astonishing evidence in favor of Joseph Smith’s claim as a prophet.
a-The evidence is clear Joseph Smith learned of the plural nature of elohim long before he applied it theologically. David interprets this evidence differently in order to maintain his theory. For Bokovoy the learning came from God first, and the fact that he applied it theologically only after learning it from Jews, must be coincidental. I don’t believe his interpretation stands the test of scrutiny.

David believes the biblical references to the divine council are not palpable for Joseph Smith to have discerned. I disagree.
a-Even modern scholars today will admit the references to a divine council scene are overt to anyone who wants to recognize them.

David does not believe the Prophet was adequately acquainted with the Bible. I disagree.
a-There is every reason to believe Joseph Smith had familiarized himself with the Bible by the time he started teaching the plurality of gods. How long will a legitimate prophet of God go before he actually reads the Bible he claims to be in harmony with?

In my view David embellishes what the history actually says by restating it in a manner suitable to his agenda. I also believes he tries to persuade his readers via omission. He doesn't mention things that naturally pop out at me as something that undermines his thesis.

Well, that's it in a nutshell on the DC issue, although I could probably think of a few more later.
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_Chap
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Post by _Chap »

dartagnan wrote:I agree with David that the divine council is biblical.
I agree with David that the divine council had been taught by Joseph Smith.

I disagree with David’s effort to exaggerate the significance of the similarities. For me the differences are equally telling.
a-The biblical concept accepted by scholars is that the council consisted of divine elohim who were deities, sometimes recognized as angels.
b-According to Joseph Smith’s concept, the council was attended by premortal humans like Abraham and Adam.

I disagree that this doctrine presents astonishing evidence in favor of Joseph Smith’s claim as a prophet.
a-The evidence is clear Joseph Smith learned of the plural nature of elohim long before he applied it theologically. David interprets this evidence differently in order to maintain his theory. For Bokovoy the learning came from God first, and the fact that he applied it theologically only after learning it from Jews, must be coincidental. I don’t believe his interpretation stands the test of scrutiny.

David believes the biblical references to the divine council are not palpable for Joseph Smith to have discerned. I disagree.
a-Even modern scholars today will admit the references to a divine council scene are overt to anyone who wants to recognize them.

David does not believe the Prophet was adequately acquainted with the Bible. I disagree.
a-There is every reason to believe Joseph Smith had familiarized himself with the Bible by the time he started teaching the plurality of gods. How long will a legitimate prophet of God go before he actually reads the Bible he claims to be in harmony with?

In my view David embellishes what the history actually says by restating it in a manner suitable to his agenda. I also believes he tries to persuade his readers via omission. He doesn't mention things that naturally pop out at me as something that undermines his thesis.

Well, that's it in a nutshell on the DC issue, although I could probably think of a few more later.


Many thanks for this, which is in effect an answer to my post. Now I think the response falls to David. I hope he will be as brief and clear as Kevin.
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Post by _Chap »

CaliforniaKid wrote:Pomeroy Tucker also remembered that the Smith family met for devotions and Bible study twice a day. That Joseph Smith knew the Bible seems almost self-evident from his writings and correspondence; one of his earliest letters, for example, contains several of Bible allusions.


David B - do you really maintain that the young Joseph Smith was (pre Book of Mormon) relatively unfamiliar with the Bible? You need only say "Yes" or "No", but by all means qualify further.

For myself, leaving aside the contemporary evidence (such as that mentioned above), I find it hard to believe that a young man in upstate New York in the early 19th century could not have been pretty familiar with the text of the the KJV by the time he was in his twenties. I base this on my own upbringing in an environment that was much, much less serious about religion that people seem to have been then, and had many more distractions from Bible reading. None the less, by the time I was in my late teens I and my friends could (and did) drop easily into quite accurate KJV parody when wanting to mock the opinions of our elders, and satirize their deeply held moral convictions. We had just heard it so often in church, in school morning assembly, and so on ... it was in the air we breathed, as it was for so many non-Catholic English speakers for the last three hundred years.

Was upstate New York an exception? Or were the Smiths the exception?

Of course David, if you did not make the assertion that Kevin ascribes to you, there is no problem. Did you, in effect, claim that the young Joseph Smith was (pre Book of Mormon) relatively unfamiliar with the Bible?
_Enuma Elish
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Post by _Enuma Elish »

I agree with David that the divine council is biblical.


Excellent. I would simply clarify my view that the divine council of literal gods is biblical.

I agree with David that the divine council had been taught by Joseph Smith.


Again, a divine council of literal gods was taught by Joseph Smith.

I disagree with David’s effort to exaggerate the significance of the similarities. For me the differences are equally telling.


Fair enough. I too believe that both differences and similarities exist between Joseph’s views of the council and some of the depictions of the heavenly assembly of deities witnessed in the Bible. Obviously I’m going to differ with Kevin over the exact nature of these differences and similarities and by extension their innate significance or lack thereof.

a-The biblical concept accepted by scholars is that the council consisted of divine elohim who were deities, sometimes recognized as angels.


I do not believe in a singular biblical concept of the council. Like all of its theology, the Bible’s view of the council is not entirely consistent. I would reject the implication that the Old Testament portrayal of the council ever consisted of an assembly of “angels” rather than gods. Unlike its later use, the term “angel” or “messenger” does not refer to a separate non-deified species.

According to Joseph Smith’s concept, the council was attended by premortal humans like Abraham and Adam. I disagree that this doctrine presents astonishing evidence in favor of Joseph Smith’s claim as a prophet.


Well then Kevin and I agree. Because I certainly do not believe that Joseph’s views of the council attended by premortal humans presents “astonishing evidence” in favor of the authenticity of the Prophet’s claims.

The Bible’s view of premortal human souls is very sketchy though I believe that traces of the doctrine do appear. This would include references such as Psalm 139 which refers to the human soul made within the bowels of the earth, i.e. “spirit world” and Job 15 which refers to the first man as an individual who participated in the council of deities prior to the creation of the world.

As I suggested in the article, Adam is presented in the book of Genesis as a subordinate, albeit divine member of the council. Throughout the Bible, humanity appears as an earthly extension of the divine council of deities. I have never claimed that these observations provide “astonishing evidence in favor of the authenticity of Joseph’s Smith’s claim as a prophet.”

The evidence is clear Joseph Smith learned of the plural nature of elohim long before he applied it theologically.


Well, the correctness of this claim depends entirely upon what Kevin means by the phrase “applied it theologically.” If Kevin simply means that Joseph learned that the Hebrew word elohim means “gods” in the plural before the Prophet understood anything about the divine council of deities, I can accept Kevin’s theory as a possibility.

Kevin may be right. But I’m not willing to accept his conclusion without more historical evidence. At most we can state that Joseph appears to have learned that elohim means “gods” in the plural prior to discussing in public his views regarding the divine council of deities.

David interprets this evidence differently in order to maintain his theory. For Bokovoy the learning came from God first, and the fact that he applied it theologically only after learning it from Jews, must be coincidental. I don’t believe his interpretation stands the test of scrutiny.


I must assume that I haven’t expressed myself adequately, for I do not maintain that Joseph’s knowledge of the divine council came first from God and second via study. I have tried repeatedly to explain that I believe that study is and was an essential part of the revelatory process and that whatever you and I may choose to believe, Joseph believed that his knowledge of these topics came from God.

David believes the biblical references to the divine council are not palpable for Joseph Smith to have discerned. I disagree.


This is not true. Of course it’s possible that Joseph Smith simply assimilated his views of the divine council of deities from his studies without the assistance of God. God himself may not even exist. However, based upon my own spiritual experiences, I believe that God not only exists but that he revealed his truths concerning the council to Joseph Smith the Prophet.

a-Even modern scholars today will admit the references to a divine council scene are overt to anyone who wants to recognize them.


I agree, however, I believe that the elements of the divine council scene and its connection with literal gods under the direction of Israel’s deity are only overt now that we have additional Near Eastern texts that we can use to compare and contrast the biblical portrayals.

David does not believe the Prophet was adequately acquainted with the Bible. I disagree.
a-There is every reason to believe Joseph Smith had familiarized himself with the Bible by the time he started teaching the plurality of gods. How long will a legitimate prophet of God go before he actually reads the Bible he claims to be in harmony with?


Of course we need to specify which years we’re considering. I don’t believe that Joseph was a Bible scholar when he translated the Book of Mormon. Nonetheless, I have stated many times that I believe that Joseph used the King James version to assist in the translation of the Book of Mormon and that he may have even been inspired to include post exilic material inaccessible to Lehi and his posterity.

In fact, I believe that Joseph Smith was a serious student of the Bible and that he poured laboriously over its pages to the point that he either consciously or subconsciously incorporated biblical imagery into the material now found in the D&C. Joseph's “psalm” at Liberty is enough to illustrate how well-versed he was eventually in the Bible.

If my previous comments led Kevin to believe that I felt that Joseph never studied the Bible in his life then I clearly failed in that instance to properly communicate my views.

In my view David embellishes what the history actually says by restating it in a manner suitable to his agenda.


And in my view, I haven’t embellished anything.
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